Abbey, Agustus. and Redel, Charles. "Drug Testing in the Workplace: public and private sector employers and the courts." 42 Labor and Law Journal. April l99l. 239-246. This article discusses the legal distinctions of drug testing between public and private employers and concludes that private employees do not have the same constitutional protection as public employees.

Abrams, Roger I. "Wishful thinking and public policy." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace: A Symposium). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 291-294. This Symposium addresses in detail the issue of drug testing in the workplace from a variety of perspectives. It demonstrates that reaching a policy on drug testing involves balancing conflicting rights.

Adams, William F. and Remmers, Cynthia L. "Drugs and alcohol in the workplace: technology, law and policy. (California)." 2 Santa Clara Computer and High-Technology Law Journal. April l985. 305-388. This article is intended to assist the employee relations community in developing and implementing reasonable drug and alcohol policies with the least possible legal risk.

Anastaplo, George. "Governmental drug-testing and the sense of community." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace: A Symposium). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 295-305. This article addresses the societal problem of drug use in America. It also addresses the practical issues raised by the measures resorted to by the U.S. Government to deal with the problem of drug abuse.

Bell, Shawn K. "Drug testing in the nonunionized workplace: search and seizure, procedural due process, and Maine's drug testing statue." 43 Maine Law Review. April l991. 129-168. This article discusses the adoption of a Maine statute that is an attempt to extend the constitutional protections enjoyed by public employees to private employees.

Bennett, R. Clay. "Drug testing in the workplace." 12 Legal Management. Sept-Oct l993. 28(6). (Not Available in Law Library)

Bible, Jon D. "When employers look for things other than drugs: the legality of AIDS, genetic, intelligence, and honesty testing in the workplace." 41 Labor Law Journal. April l990. 195-213. This article discusses how testing by employers extends beyond just drug testing. It then explores some of the legal issues raised by these varieties of employee screening.

Bills, Robert D. "Mandatory employee drug testing: the war on drugs invades the workplace." 14 Western State University Law Review. Spring l987. 617-634. The author argues that drug testing will not solve the problem of drug abuse. He believes it will undermine the fabric of the American workplace and will not survive the test of constitutionality.

Bookspan, Phyllis T. "Behind open doors: constitutional implications of government employee drug testing." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace: A Symposium). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 307-370. This article begins with a historical analysis of privacy rights, which form the backdrop of present constitutional interpretation. It also examines drug testing with reference to the Fourth, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments.

Boudreaux, Paul J. "The D.C. Circuit, the war on drugs, and Harmon v. Thornburgh: a case study in misunderstanding Skinner and Von Raab." (Drug Testing in the Workplace: Status and Prospects.) 12 George Mason Law Review. Summer l990. 701-709. This article discusses Harmon v.Thornburgh and concludes that the D.C. Circuit's decision has to make civil libertarians pessimistic about the future of claims against drug testing.

Bradley, Gregory. "Drug testing in the workplace: a public sector concern." 32 Howard Law Journal. Spring l989. 49-59. Part I of this article discusses the legal issues of drug testing in the public sector. Part II discusses the technical requirements for drug testing of federal employees. Part IV is an overview of employee challenges to drug testing policies in the public sector.

Bradley, Gregory. "The effects and legal ramifications of drug testing in the workplace: the controversy continues." 13 Thurgood Marshall Law Review. Fall-Spring. l988. 161-176. (Not Available in Law Library)

Broadwell, D. Kim. "The evolution of workplace drug screening: a medical review officer's perspective." (Symposium: Prescription Drug Misuse and Abuse) 22 Journal of Law, Medicine, ad Ethics. Fall l994. 240-246. (Not Available in Law Library)

Carolyn. "Drug Testing in the Workplace: a reasoned approach for private employers. (Drug Testing in the Workplace: Status and Prospects.) 12 George Mason University Law Review. Summer l990. 491-545. The author believes that employers who carefully select tools to combat workplace drug abuse and use those tools with concern for their employees' rights may find that a drug testing program can boost productivity and morale.

Cecere, Michael S. and Rosen, Phillip B. "Legal implications of substance abuse testing in the workplace." (Symposium: Health in the Workplace). 62 Notre Dame Law Review. Winter l987. 859-878. This article addresses the legal implications of workplace substance abuse testing in both public and private employment sectors. Part I examines employees' privacy rights. Part II looks into handicap and discrimination laws. Part III focuses on collective bargaining agreements. Part IV suggests criteria for testing programs.

Chen, Edward; Kim, Pauline; and True, John. "Common law privacy: a limit on an employer's power to test for drugs." (Drug Testing in the Workplace: Status and Prospects.) 12 George Mason University Law Review. Summer l990. 651-700. The author argues that unorganized private sector employees are vulnerable victims in the "war on drugs." He believes that the common law right to privacy can provide protection for excesses of that effort.

Christian, Betty Jo and Barber, Janice. "Employee drug testing in the transportation industry: private initiatives and government imperatives." (Drug Testing in the Workplace: Status and Prospects.) 12 George Mason University Law Review. Summer l990. 56l-586. This article discusses the regulations promulgated by six agencies within the Department of Transportation to eliminate drug abuse.

Cooper, Charles J. "The Constitutionality of drug testing." (Testing in the Workplace: l988 FBA Fourth Circuit Conference Special Issue). 35 Federal Bar and News Journal. Oct. l988. 359-363. The author presents the major inquiries that should be made in drug testing cases, and concludes by examining how one appellate court answered those questions in a case involving the U.S. Customs Service.

Cooper, Sally Anne. "The Constitutional issues of drug testing in the workplace." 23 Williamette Law Review. Spring l987. 553-573. The author argues that the constitutionality of any drug testing scheme depends on several factors and involves a careful analysis of what type of constitutional deprivation one wishes to assert.

Cornish, Craig M. and Donald B. Louria. "Employment drug testing, preventive searches, and the future of privacy. (Drug Testing in the Workplace)." 33 William and Mary Law Review. Fall l991. 95-125. This article focuses upon some of the long term effects that instituting mass drug testing might have on society.

D'Aquila, Barbara Jean. "Drug and alcohol testing in the workplace: the legislative response." (Minnesota). 14 William Mitchell Law Review. Spring l988. 255-279. This article focuses upon critical provisions of Minnesota's new Drug and Alcohol Testing in the Workplace Act. It highlights inconsistencies between this law and the Minnesota Human Rights Act.

Denenberg, Tia Schneider and Denenberg, Richard V. "Drug testing from the arbitrator's perspective. (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace: A Symposium). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 371-413. This is a discussion on the role of arbitration in resolving disputes over drug testing in workplaces governed by collective bargaining agreements.

Dillard, C. Denise. "Drug testing in the unionized workplace: are there any standards?" 27 Houston Law Review. May l990. 515-556. This Comment provides a general overview of the arbitration process relative to drug testing in the workplace in these categories: l. Management's right to implement testing programs; 2. Testing; 3. Discharge.

"Drug Testing in the Workplace." (book reviews) by DeCresce, Robert T.; Lifshitz, Mark; Mazura, Arianne C.; and Tilson, Joseph E. rev. by Wayne, J. Victor. 29 Santa Clara Law Review. Fall l989. 1025-1029. This article reviews a book which provides the reader with a detailed understanding of drug testing programs and discusses the legal claims arising from such programs.

"Drug Testing in the Workplace." (book reviews) by DeCresce, Robert T.; Lifshitz, Mark; Mazura, Arianne C.; Tilson, Joseph E. 31 Santa Clara Law Review. Midwinter l990. 308-309. This is a review of a book which provides a comprehensive overview of the legal, scientific, and practical considerations involved in an employer's decision to institute a drug testing program.

"Drug testing in the workplace." (New York Case Note) 43 The Record of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York. May l988. 401-422. This is a discussion of a New York City Bar Association committee on the use of random drug testing for public and private sector employees in New York and an analysis of two bills regulating the use of drug testing.

"Drug testing in the workplace." (New York Case Note) 43 The Record of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York. May l988. 447-488. Part I of this Note examines the common features of employer testing programs. Part II examines the medical and legal issues raised. Part III examines legislative efforts to regulate drug testing programs. Part IV sets forth the conclusion of the Committee on Labor and Employment Law of the New York City Bar Association.

Dubowski, Kurt M. "Drug-use testing: scientific perspectives." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace: A Symposium). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 415-552. This is a scientific exposition on the use of drug testing for non-medical purposes. The author claims this growing field is largely unregulated and sets forth guidelines for uniform and universal regulations.

Edwards, Don. "Mandatory drug testing in the workplace:testing violates privacy." 72 ABA Journal. Aug. l986. 34(l) This is a debate between Don Edwards, who believes that blanket drug testing in the workplace violates individual rights, and Robert Angarola, who believes that the common notion of a right to privacy must give way to the public need for safety.

Eisner, Neil. "Drug testing: regulatory and legal issues confronted by the Department of Transportation." (Testing in the Workplace: l988 FBA Fourth Circuit Conference Special Issue). 35 Federal Bar and News Journal. Oct. l988. 364-368. This article discusses the basic concepts behind the Department of Transportation's initiatives and the Department's internal program. Then the article discusses some of the legal and practical issues involved in implementing these programs.

Elliot, Rex H. "Jar Wars" in the workplace: the constitutionality of urinalysis programs designed to eliminate substance abuse among federal employees." 38 Syracuse Law Review. Fall l987. 937-964. While the author does not condemn urinalysis testing programs, he argues that any federal drug testing program must protect individual constitutional freedoms.

Estreicher, Samuel and Feder, Harry. "When private workplace drug testing is illegal." 133 New Jersey Law Journal. Feb. l5, l993. 11 (col.1).

Farmer, Lois M. "Employee privacy rights v. business needs - drug testing in the workplace." 22 New England Law Review. Dec. l987. 413-451. This Note discusses the status of drug screening policies in the private sector workplace, emphasizing non-unionized employees. It addresses the question of employee privacy as well as the threat of job termination for failure to comply with drug testing.

Gottfredson, Michael R. and Carolyn Uihlein. "Drug Testing in the workplace: a view from the data. (Drug testing in the workplace)." 33 William and Mary Law Review. Fall 1991. 127-145. The author believes that in the absence of high quality experimental evaluations of drug testing programs in the workplace, very little can be reliably concluded about the effectiveness and efficiency of many programs now in existence.

Heshizer, Brian P. and Muczyk, Jan P. "Drug testing in the workplace: balancing individual, organizational, and societal rights." Labor Law Journal . June l988. 342-357. This review shows that no law prohibits drug testing in the workplace. Rather, there are certain limits placed on the use of drug screening. The degree of legal involvement depends on whether the employer is in the public or private sector.

Hickman, Timothy J., "Minnesota Courts fail the first test under the Minnesota Drugs and Alcohol Testing in the Workplace Act." 12 Hamline Journal of Public Law and Policy. Fall l99l. 319-328. The author argues that Kise v. Product Engineering was wrongly decided to the detriment of private employees.

Holtzman, Jonathan V. "Applicant testing for drug use: a policy and legal inquiry. (Drug Testing in the Workplace)." 33 William and Mary Law Review. Fall 1991. 47-93. The author tells why he believes that the Institute of the Bill of Rights Law Task Force rejects the notion that an employer may act as a "policeman" with respect to his work force in drug testing.

Hudner, Karen. "Urine testing for drugs." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace: A Symposium). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 553-561. This article is a general overview of the history of drug urinalysis and of the danger it poses to individual liberty.

Hudson, Robert D. "Drug testing in the workplace - an evolving Kentucky employment issue." 56 Kentucky Bench and Bar. Fall 1992. 14(5). To preserve the positive aspects of drug testing in the workplace, this article describes how to design a program to protect both employers and employees.

Hurley, Thomas J. and Hunt, Roger. "Drug and alcohol testing in the workplace." 17 Colorado Lawyer. March l988. 457(3). The author warns that before implementing a drug testing program, employers should obtain legal counsel to prevent possible liabilities created by statutory, constitutional, and common law claims.

Hyde, Kevin E. "Florida's approach to reducing workplace substance abuse: workers compensation." 66 Florida Bar Journal. March 1992. 46-50. This article discusses Florida's new law which denies worker's compensation to employees who test positive for drug use at the time of accident or injury.

Imwinkelried, Edward J. "Some preliminary thoughts on the wisdom of governmental prohibition for regulation of employee urinalysis testing." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace: A Symposium). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 563-604. Part I of this article examines the controversy over private employee urinalysis. Part II of this article evaluates proposals for governmental restrictions.

Janssen, Judith M. "Substance abuse testing and the workplace: a private employer's perspective." (Drug Testing in the Workplace: Status and Prospects.) 12 George Mason University Law Review. Summer l990. 611-649. This article provides guidelines for instituting substance abuse testing in the workplace from the private employer's perspective.

Joseph, Paul R. "Fourth Amendment implications of public sector workplace testing." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace: A Symposium). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 605-645. The author claims he will demonstrate that workplace drug testing is very intrusive upon the legitimate privacy expectations of workers. He concludes it is unjustified absent some level of reasonable suspicion.

Kaplan, Elliot S.; Langevin, Judith Bevis; and Ross, Richard A. "Drug and alcohol testing in the workplace: the employers' perspective." (Minnesota). 14 William Mitchell Law Review. Spring l988. 365-392. The author argues that Minnesota's drug testing statute represents a beneficial compromise between employee privacy and employer rights.

Kellner, Robert C. and Bradford W. Warbasse. "Testing for drugs and alcohol in the workplace." 27 The Maryland Bar Journal. Nov-Dec. l994. 20 (5). (Not Available in Law Library)

Kelly, Matthew and Kelly, Randall. "Drug and alcohol testing in the workplace: a public sector overview since Skinner and Von Raab." 10 Government Union Review. Fall l989. 34-54. This is a discussion of the Skinner and Von Raab decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court, which resolved some of the basic issues involving drug and alcohol testing of Federal employees and non-government employees in heavily regulated industries.

Kelty, Thomas W. "Drugs and the public workplace." 14 Current Municipal Problems. Summer 1987. 85-89. (Not Available in Law Library)

Kelly, Robert Dale, Sr. "Constitutional mandates for drug testing in the American workplace." 13 Oklahoma City University Law Review. Spring l988. l09-l34. The author argues that those who undergo drug urinalysis should be accorded substantive and procedural due process. He concludes that employers should rely more on employee assistance programs, and less on lab tests. Those who insist on lab tests, he believes, should consider blood analysis.

Kemper, James D. "Drug testing in the military: issues of admissibility and sufficiency." (Testing in the Workplace: l988 FBA Fourth Circuit Conference Special Issue) 35 Federal Bar and News Journal. Oct. l988. 374-376. This article provides a brief overview of the admissibility and sufficiency of drug test results in military trials by court martial to prove wrongful use of a prohibited substance.

Latessa, Edward J., Travis, Lawrence F., and Cullen, Francis T., "Public support for mandatory drug-alcohol testing in the workplace." 34 Crime and Delinquency. Oct. l988. 379-392. This study attempts to assess the extent to which citizens endorse the campaign to expand the scope of employee testing for substance abuse.

Lawlor, John F. "Drug testing of government employees and the Fourth Amendment: the need for a reasonable suspicion standard." (Symposium: Health in the Workplace) 62 Notre Dame Law Review. Winter l987. 1063-1082. The author believes that while mandatory testing of government employees can aid the government employer in maintaining public safety, such tests compromise employee privacy. He concludes that random drug testing cannot be justified under constitutional law.

Lewis, Jeffery R. "Drug testing in the workplace: legal and policy implications for employers and employees." (Detroit College of Law Review's l987 Labor Law Symposium on the State of the Unions: Perspectives on Organized Labor). l987 Detroit College of Law Review. Fall l987. 699-730. This article examines the legal and policy issues involved when a private employer institutes a drug testing program. Existing public case law will be used to establish such a program.

Liem, Stephen A. "The Fourth Amendment and drug testing in the workplace: current U.S. court decisions. (right to privacy)." 43 Labor Law Journal . January 1992. 50-57. This article discusses cases which hold that suspicionless drug testing does not necessarily render the Fourth Amendment infirm. It also discusses cases which hold that off-duty drug use is not a sufficient reason to administer drug testing.

Lindsey, Charles. "Drug testing in the workplace: a legislative proposal to protect privacy." 13 Journal of Legislation. Spring l985. 269-291. This Note contends that all employees and prospective employees should be protected from the type of intrusion which results from drug testing. It also proposes model provisions to guide legislators in their efforts to protect employees in the private workplace.

Lubic, Bret. "Drug testing in the workplace: sacrificing fundamental rights in the war on drugs?" 91 West Virginia Law Review. Summer l989. l067-l096. This is a discussion of the competing interests at stake in the quest for a drug-free workplace.

McBay, Arthur J. "Efficient drug testing: addressing the basic issues." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 647-652. This article is a series of questions and answers which highlight some of the problems with urine testing programs.

Mechem, Everett H. "Drug testing in the workplace." 23 Tennessee Bar Journal. May-June l987. 7(4). The author gives guidelines for implementing a drug testing program, and concludes that while it is not a panacea for workplace problems, it can benefit employers and employees.

Michaels, Lawrence M. and Davis, Barbara L. "Drug testing in the workplace." 12 Los Angeles Lawyer. Sept. l989. 30(7). This is an analysis of two U.S. Supreme Court decisions, Skinner and Von Raab, and their implications for California employers.

Moore, Tim. "Constitutional law: the Fourth Amendment and drug testing in the workplace." 10 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. Summer l987. 762-768. The author argues that the vast majority of drug testing programs end with simply firing or not hiring the abuser. He believes more effort should be directed toward rehabilitation.

Moriarty, Leo. "Mandatory employee drug testing: the war on drugs invades the workplace." l4 Western State University Law Review. Spring l987. 603-615. The author claims that a conflict exists between the employer's desire to maintain a safe workplace and the employee's expectation of privacy and freedom from unwarranted search and seizure.

Morikawa, Dennis J., Hurtgen, Peter J., Connor, Terence G., and Costello, Joseph J. "Implementation of drug and alcohol testing in the unionized workplace." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 653-668. The purpose of this article is to educate the unionized private employer who is considering implementing a drug and alcohol testing program in the workplace.

Morrow, Tod. "Drug testing in the workplace: issues for the arbitrator." 4 Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution. Spring l989. 273-294. This Note examines issues arbitrators will face in resolving private sector disputes in the unionized workplace.

Neal, Marianne. "Drug testing in the workplace: the need for quality assurance legislation." 48 Ohio State Law Journal. Summer l987. 877-895. The first part of this article discusses drug testing methodology and the reliability of tests. The second part examines legal remedies for private employees. The third part recommends legislation to protect workers from unreliable tests.

Neigus, David L. and Mooney, John R. "The Problem of drug testing in the private workplace." 37 The Practical Lawyer. April 1991. 57-58. The author argues that when employers have not followed proper procedures in drug testing, the discipline of employees based on that testing is being successfully challenged by their union or by private tort actions by unorganized employees.

Neucomb, Mark E. "The drug-free federal workplace: a question of reasonableness." 29 William and Mary Law Review. Fall l987. 2l5-248. This Note examines the Supreme Court's Fourth Amendment jurisprudence and analyzes drug surveillance litigation. It also examines Executive Order 12564, and concludes that executive agency programs which adhere to that Executive Order should pass constitutional muster.

O'Donnell, Michael R. Employee drug testing - balancing the interests in the workplace: a reasonable standard." 74 Virginia Law Review. Aug. l988. 969-l009. Part I of this Note explores the dilemma of drug testing in the workplace. Part II reviews the legal limits on drug testing and outlines concerns about the accuracy of drug tests. Part III proposes a model employee drug testing statute.

Page, Alan C. "Random testing of professional athletes. (Drug testing in the Workplace)." 33 William and Mary Law Review. Fall 1991. 155-160. Under a proposed Substance Abuse Testing Act, random testing of professional athletes is rejected as unnecessary.

Palefsky, Cliff. "Corporate vice precedents: the California Constitution and San Francisco's worker privacy ordinance." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 669-684. In l985, San Francisco passed a Worker Privacy Ordinance to protect the dignity and rights of its citizens in the workplace. This article will examine that landmark ordinance, the California Constitution's express right to privacy, and the impact of each on drug testing in the workplace.

Pappas, Sandra. "Workplace drug testing - House File 42." (Minnesota Drug Testing Symposium). 14 William Mitchell Law Review. Spring l988. 239-254. The author, a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives, discusses a bill she has drafted that addressees drug testing in the workplace.

Payson, Martin F. and Rosen, Philip B. "Substance abuse: a crisis in the workplace." 23 Trial. July l987. 25(7). The authors discuss the constitutional rights of employers and employees and what employers can legally do to address the substance abuse problem.

"Proposal For A Substance Abuse Testing Act: The Report of the Task Force on the Drug-Free Workplace, Institute of Bill of Rights Law." (Includes comments by members of the task force). Drug Testing in the Workplace). 33 William and Mary Law Review. Fall 1991. 5-45. This is an overview of a proposed model Substance Abuse Testing Act.

Rector, Anne M. "Use and abuse of urinalysis testing in the workplace: a proposal for federal legislation limiting drug screening." 35 Emory Law Review. Fall l985. l0ll-l071. This Comment addresses legal issues raised by urinalysis testing and proposes a standard for national legislation which would protect the legal rights of employees while permitting employers to test for drug abuse.

Redel and Augustus Abbey. "The arbitration of drug use and testing in the workplace." 48 Arbitration Journal. March 1993. 80-85. This article examines arbitration decisions in the aftermath of the NLRB memorandum of l987 and how the NLRB deals with common drug problems in the workplace.

Rothstein, Mark A. "Drug testing in the workplace: the challenge to employment relations and employment law." (The Kenneth M. Piper Lecture). 63 Chicago-Kent Law Review. Summer l987. 683-743. This article explores the constitutional, statutory, common law, and policy issues raised by drug testing. It concludes that much of current testing is unwarranted and unnecessary.

Rudley, D.L. "Invasion of privacy and drug testing in the private workplace: a case for the application of constitutional concepts." 20 University of West Los Angeles Law Review. l988. 43-85. (Not Available in Law Library)

Sand, Robert H. "Drugs in the workplace: the Supreme Court, Congress, and the federal agencies declare war." 15 Employee Relations Law Journal. Summer l989. 125-134. (Not Available in Law Library)

Sanders, Arlene. "Intoxication and the law: drug testing in the workplace." l987 Annual Survey of American Law. Spring l987. l67-l93. The author claims that Executive Order 12564 is unconstitutional because it lacks specific guidelines to ensure the expectation of privacy.

Schachter, Victor and Steven Blackburn. "Just Say Maybe: a watershed decision on drug testing by the state supreme court sets the stage for continued litigation of privacy rights in the workplace." 17 Los Angeles Lawyer. November 1994. 26(6). The California Supreme Court ruled that the NCCA did not violate the California Constitution by requiring college athletes to submit to drug testing.

Schroeder, Patricia and Nelson, Andrea L. "Drug testing in the federal government." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 685-691. The author argues that drug testing thwarts constitutional protections.

Shaw, E. Clay and Fleming, Roger T. "Drug testing as an element of the everlasting drug war." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 693-701. The author believes that although drug testing is not fully proven and is in some instances procedurally unfair, it is the hard answer to the war on drugs.

Simpson, Duncan A. "Does a drug-free federal workplace also mean a Fourth Amendment free workplace?" 40 Labor Law Journal. Sept. l989. 547-566. This is a review of the history of public sector drug testing litigation and attempts to define guidelines for the constitutional application of Executive Order No. 12564 in the light of Fourth Amendment challenges.

Sonnestuhl, William J., Trice, Harrison M., Staudenmeir, William J. and Steele, Paul. "Employee assistance and drug testing: fairness and injustice in the workplace." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 709-731. This paper examines management and employee concerns about drug screening within the context of employee assistance programs, and argues that where companies have well-implemented programs, drug screening is unnecessary.

"State-by-state drug and alcohol testing survey. (Drug Testing in the Workplace)." 33 William and Mary Law Review. Fall 1991. 189-252. This survey provides a state by state summary of legal developments that affect drug testing and treatment of substance abusers in the workplace.

Stern, Kenneth. "Government drug testing and individual privacy rights: crying wolf in the workplace." 5 Yale Law and Policy Review. Fall-Winter l985. 235-259. This Current Topic argues that while the Fourth Amendment does not act as a complete bar to non-cause drug testing, it imposes a substantial evidentiary burden on the government which can only be overcome in a few circumscribed situations.

Stibelman, Arleen. "Drugs in the workplace: law firms are beginning to see the wisdom of employer-sponsored drug abuse programs." California Lawyer. December l988. 37(l). This is an overview of the implementation of drug abuse programs in California law firms.

Stone, Robert L. "Mass round-up urinalysis and original intent." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 733-750. This is an analysis of Capua v City of Plainfield and the Drug-Free America Act of l986 in light of the concept of original intent.

Sunderland, Kaye M. and Rathbone, Coni S. "Jar Wars: drug testing in the workplace." 23 Williamette Law Review. Spring l987. 529-533 This is an examination of the scope and extent of drug abuse in the workplace.

Taylor, Douglas and Taylor, Margaret. "Random drug testing in the mass transit industry." (Drug Testing in the Workplace: Status and Prospects.) 12 George Mason University Law Review. Summer l990. 587-610. This article focuses on the impact of random drug testing in the mass transit sector.

Toker, Janmarie. "Drug testing for injured employees: adding insult to injury?" 2 Maine Bar Journal. May l987. 131(3). The author believes drug testing will not reduce on-the-job injuries; rather, more attention should be given to the role of employer negligence and ignorance of safety practices.

Ulrich, Thomas E. "A drug-free American workplace and the Virginia employer." 15 Virginia Bar Association Journal. Fall l989. 5(7). This is discussion of drug testing in Virginia, and of the statutory, constitutional, and common law claims which can be brought against employers who implement a drug testing program.

Waple, Mark L. "Drug tests: issues raised in the defense of a 'positive' result." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 75l-762. The author gives guidelines for representing clients accused of using controlled substances.

Witosky, Steven. "The ideology of drug testing." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 763-778. This article attempts to show that the dimensions of illegal drug abuse in the workplace are small in comparison to alcohol abuse. It also attempts to show that drug testing has little functional value in screening out impaired workers or job applicants.

Willette, Robert E. "Drug testing in the workplace: an update." l989 Annual Labor and Employment Law Institute Annual. l992. 121-134. (Not Available in Law Library)

Wong, Glenn M. and Ensor, Richard J. "Major league baseball and drugs: fight the problem or the player?" (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 779-813. This article discusses the recent history and current status of the legalities of drug use and testing issues with regards to Major League Baseball.

"Workplace drug testing and the National Institute of Drug Abuse: an interview with J. Michael Walsh. 12 George Mason University Law Review. Summer, l990. 475-489. Walsh concludes that creating a contingency between absenteeism from illegal substance use and continued employment is a powerful deterrent in favor of legal compliance.

Zeese, Kevin B. "Drug hysteria causing use of useless urine tests." (Testing for Drug Use in the American Workplace). ll Nova Law Review. Winter l987. 815-823. The author focuses on whether there really is a serious drug problem in the workplace; whether urine tests accomplish what they promise; and what alternatives are available to urine testing.

Zeese, Kevin B. "Drug testing here to stay?" (Drug Testing in the Workplace: Status and Prospects.) 12 George Mason University Law Review. Summer l990. 545-560. The author argues that while the war on drugs has failed to create a drug-free society, it has succeeded in eroding many of our fundamental rights.

Comprehensive procedures or drug testing in the workplace: A process model of planning, implementation, and action. National Institute on Drug Abuse. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Division of Applied Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse. Rockville, MD. 1991.

(GPO HE 20.8202:T 28)

Drug testing programs by public employers: Suggested guidelines. Section of Urban, State and Local Government Law, American Bar Association. Chicago, l988.

(KF 3885 .Z9 D78 1988)

FAA's refusal to cooperate with drug-testing requests from the National Transportation Safety Board: Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, first session, June 24, 1987. Washington. U. S. Government Printing Office, 1987.

(Microfiche GPO Y 4. G 74/ 7: F 31/ 71)

Oversight hearing on drug testing in the work force: Hearing before the subcommittee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, second session, April 21, 1988. Washington, D.C. U. S. Government Printing Office, 1988.

(Microfiche GPO Y 4. Ed 8/1: 100-70)

Technical, scientific and procedural issues of employee drug testing: Consensus report. Finkle, Bryan S., Robert V. Blanke and Michael J. Walsh, eds. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse. Washington, D.C. U. S. Government Printing Office, 1990.

(GPO HE 20.8202: Em 7/ 4)

Testing for drug use in the American workplace: A symposium. Nova University, Center for the Study of Law, Fort Lauderdale, l987.

(KF 3890 .A75 T4 1987)

Urinalysis collection handbook for federal drug testing programs: for implementation of the mandatory guidelines for Federal workplace drug testing programs. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Rockville, l988.

(GPO HE 20. 8208: Ur 3/ 2)